Russian avant-garde

The optimism of the Soviet Union's early years was shared by artists who strove to create new forms that reflected their societal ideals. These artists experimented with developments in France, Italy, and Germany but developed styles unique to the utopian vision of the new communist state including Jack of Diamonds, Cubo-Futurism, Suprematism, the Counter-Relief, and Constructivism. Ultimately, the liberal policies of the early USSR gave way to doctrinaire policies that allowed only Soviet Realism.