By the time of the emperor Trajan, the Roman empire encompassed the whole of the Mediterranean, Britain, much of northern and central Europe and the Near East.
117 - 235 C.E.
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Rome’s layered history — the Castel Sant’Angelo
A tomb, a prison, the site of a miracle, papal apartments — this building has as many layers as Rome itself.
The Arch of Septimius Severus, portal to ancient Rome
One of the most impressive monuments on the Roman Forum
The importance of the archaeological findspot: The Lullingstone Busts
What do we gain when works come from a well-documented excavation?
Severan marble plan (Forma Urbis Romae)
This ancient map served as an administrative tool for one of the largest empires in history.
Bronze head from a statue of the Emperor Hadrian
A bad case of acne or a political statement? Learn about Hadrian’s beard, political image, and accomplishments.
Hadrian: Building the wall
At the remotest point of the Roman Empire, Hadrian erected this fortification—a symbol of control and dominance.
Hadrian: The imperial palace, Tivoli
The Empire in miniature, see how Hadrian’s Villa served as a space for both business and pleasure.
The Pantheon (Rome)
The Pantheon has one of the most perfect interior spaces ever constructed—and it’s been copied ever since.
Battle of the Romans and Barbarians (Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus)
Romans fight barbarians on this chaotic coffin, which shows signs of a turn in artistic trends.
Maritime Theatre at Hadrian’s Villa
A lavish Roman house in miniature, explore the innermost sanctum of the emperor Hadrian’s villa.
A virtual tour of Hadrian’s Villa
Explore Hadrian’s Villa in 3D and learn about Hadrian from the emperor himself.
Medea Sarcophagus
One of the great myths of jealousy and revenge is carved into this sarcophagus. But why put this story on a coffin?