In the third century C.E. the Ancient Roman Empire was threatened by economic crisis, weak and short-lived emperors and usurpers, and the loss of territory to barbarian invasions.
235–410 C.E.
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Mosaic decoration at the Hammath Tiberias synagogue
What prompted the fourth–century Jewish community of Hammath Tiberias to adorn their house of worship with an image of Sol, a prominent Roman deity?
Trebonianus Gallus — emperor or athlete? Rethinking a modern attribution
In the chaos of the 3rd century, can we be sure about the identification of this statue?
Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine
Built using new technologies, this building is overwhelming and unprecedented—displaying Roman imperial power.
Portraits of the Four Tetrarchs
Learn how the solid, abstracted forms of these co-emperors reject earlier understanding of the human body.
The Colossus of Constantine
Does the abstraction of form and faraway look in this colossal portrait hint at the growth of Christianity in Rome?
Arch of Constantine, Rome
For the first time, a Roman emperor celebrated victory over fellow Romans, and appropriated the art of earlier rulers.
