Dr. Noelle C. Paulson, a specialist in nineteenth-century European art history, received her MA and Ph.D .degrees from Washington University in St. Louis. Since moving to Switzerland at the end of 2009, she has been an independent art historian, researcher, and freelance writer for museums in Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Canada, and the U.S.
Gauguin took every opportunity to describe this enigmatic painting with melodramatic flourish.