In the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, Florence’s population doubled. Bankers and merchants replaced the old noble families as the center of power.
1300s
Beginner's guide
The city-state of Florence in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries was a city on the rise (until the black death).
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Inventing the image of Saint Francis
a new image of a new saint in the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence
Giotto, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel
Like a comic without words, these frescoes tell the story of Christ and his parents—and give their patron a cameo.
Dante’s Divine Comedy in Late Medieval and Early Renaissance art
Dante’s vision of Hell inspired generations of artists—and his words still feed imaginations today.
Florence in the Late Gothic period, an introduction
Boom times in Florence saw a rise in art commissions, and the Italo-Byzantine style yielded to Giotto’s naturalism.
Cimabue, Santa Trinita Madonna and Child Enthroned
This huge panel hints at the coming Renaissance, but the figures remain weightless and their features, elongated.
Cimabue and Giotto compared
Only decades apart—but what a difference. Next to Giotto’s substantial Virgin, Cimabue’s appears flat yet elegant.
Giotto, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel (part 4 of 4)
Christ sits as Judge, separating the blessed from the damned. In Hell, money lenders—like Scrovegni—appear hanged.
Giotto, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel (part 3 of 4)
In this powerful scene, Mary cradles the dead Christ. A simple landscape and mourning crowd direct us to her grief.
Giotto, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel (part 2 of 4)
With their emotion, gestures, mass, and volume, Giotto’s people seem real—and time moves with them.
Giotto, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel (part 1 of 4)
Painting covers every inch of this chapel, from the spiraling narrative cycle to the star-studded blue sky.
Giotto, The Entombment of Mary
Hooked thumbs, pressing elbows, open mouths—these details lend intimacy and reality to an otherwise formal scene.
Giotto, The Ognissanti Madonna and Child Enthroned
This is a Mary like we’ve never seen before—she’s more monumental and sits in a space that makes sense.