For much of the Middle Ages dead cows were the main ingredient for books. What was frolicking in the meadow one month, may have been a page in a Bible the next.
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The Utrecht Psalter and its influence
Expressive, emotional, and energetic, the Utrecht Psalter is not what you expect in a book written 1200 years ago.
Codex Amiatinus, the oldest complete Latin Bible
One of the oldest surviving bibles was made in England but has clear visual ties to traditions from the ancient Mediterranean.
Making manuscripts
From scraping skin and cutting quills to painting and bookbinding, making a manuscript is a long, complex process.
An introduction to medieval scripts
Angular or rounded? Medieval script reveals not only what the author wrote, but when and where the book was made.
Listening to the medieval book
Go on, judge a book by its sound. The thinner the parchment, the higher the pitch—and the price.
A medieval textbook
This 1000-year-old math primer is nothing fancy, but it took months for a scribe to make.
Medieval books in leather (and other materials)
Animal skin lent a durable writing surface to medieval scribes. When tanned and tooled, it also protected books.
Clasps: hugging a medieval book
Is that a body, or a book? Arms, hands, feet, skulls—all can feature in the anatomy of a medieval manuscript.
Binding the book
Medieval libraries hid a forest in their shelves—wood boards, covered and clasped, protected precious parchment.
Medieval supermodels
Decorators drew inspiration from design books, from enlarged capitals to elaborate figures in the margins.
Decorating the book
From penwork and gilding to one-letter stories, decorators offered a range of services to dazzle medieval readers.