Back Home
Search

All Results

Generic filters
Search in excerpt
  • Histories of Art
      • Prehistoric
        • Overview of Prehistoric
          • Paleolithic
          • Neolithic
      • Africa
        • Overview of Africa
            • East Africa
            • West Africa
            • North Africa
            • Southern Africa
            • Central Africa
      • Americas
        • Overview of Americas to 1900
            • North America to 1500
            • North America 1500 – 1900
            • South America to 1500
            • South America 1500 – 1900
      • Asia
        • Overview of Asia
            • Hinduism and Buddhism
            • China
            • Japan
            • Korea
            • South Asia
            • Afghanistan
            • Southeast Asia
            • The Himalayas
      • Ancient Mediterranean
        • Overview of Ancient Mediterranean
            • Ancient Near East
            • Egyptian
            • Aegean
            • Greek
            • Nabataean
            • Etruscan
            • Roman
            • Palmyra
      • Medieval Europe & Byzantine
        • Overview of Medieval Europe + Byzantium
            • A beginner’s guide
            • Christianity and art
            • Judaism and art
            • The medieval book
            • Early Christian
            • Byzantine
            • Carolingian
            • Ottonian
            • Romanesque
            • Gothic Art
            • The crusades
      • The Islamic World
        • Overview of the Islamic World
          • Early Period
          • Medieval Period
          • Later period
      • Europe 1300-1800
        • Overview of Europe 1300 – 1800
              • Italy: 14th century
              • Italy: 15th century
              • Italy: 16th century
              • Northern Europe: 15th century
              • Northen Europe: 16th century
              • Spain: 15th and 16th century
              • Reformation and Counter-Reformation
              • Baroque: 17th century
              • Rococo: early to mid 18th century
              • Neoclassicism: late 18th century
              • British: 18th century
      • Europe 1800-1900
        • Overview of Europe: 19th century
            • Romanticism
            • Early Photography
            • Victorian art
            • Realism
            • Second Empire
            • Impressionism
            • Post-Impressionism
            • Symbolism / Art Nouveau
            • The Peredvizhniki
      • Oceania
        • Overview of Oceania
            • Lapita
            • Polynesia
            • Melanesia
            • Micronesia
            • Australia
      • Modernisms 1900-1980
        • Overview of Modernisms 1900 – 1980
            • A beginner’s guide
            • Fauvism + Expressionism
            • Cubism + Early Abstraction
            • Dada + Surrealism
            • German art between the wars
            • Latin American modernism
            • American art to WWII
            • Postwar American art
            • Postwar European art
            • Conceptual + Performance art
            • Post Minimalism
            • Global vanguard
            • Architecture + Design
      • Global cultures 1980 to now
        • Overview of Global Cultures 1980 – now
            • Appropriation and ideological critique
            • Identity and the body
            • Banality and kitsch
            • Ritual, spirituality and transcendence
            • Histories real and imagined
  • Guides
      • Introductory guides – start here
          • Overview
            • Looking at art
            • Approaches to art history
            • Understanding religion in art
            • Understanding museums
            • For the very beginner
      • Courses and syllabi – guided tours
          • Seeing America
          • ARCHES (At-Risk Cultural Heritage Education Series)
          • Art Appreciation
          • Syllabi, AP and A-level art history
          • Short courses
          • Creating + conserving
          • Video creation guide
      • Smarthistory books – for free
        • Overview – More titles coming soon!
          • AP® Art History (vol. 1) – nos. 1 – 47
          • AP® Art History (vol. 2) – nos. 48-98
          • AP® Art History (vol. 3) – nos. 99 – 152
          • AP® Art History (vol. 4) – nos. 153 – 191
          • AP® Art History (vol. 5) – nos. 192 – 250
          • Ancient Near Eastern art
          • Ancient Egyptian Art
          • Ancient Aegean Art
          • Ancient Etruscan and Roman art
      • Across cultures – expanding the boundaries
          • Art that knows no bounds
          • Expanding the Renaissance initiative
      • Art by location – for travelers
        • Overview
          • Austria
          • France
          • Germany
          • Greece
          • Italy
          • India
          • Japan
          • Mexico
          • Netherlands
          • Spain
          • Turkey
          • United States
          • United Kingdom
  • About
      • About Smarthistory
      • Content editors and contributors
      • A Smarthistory timeline
      • Board of Advisors and Board of Trustees
      • Supporters
      • Contact Us
      • PaikSeeing America – Bringing the long history of the United States to life—using works of art as primary sources.
      • ARCHES thumnbnailARCHES – A mini-course on endangered cultural heritage around the globe
      • smarthistory books logo2Smarthistory books – Read online, print, or order a bound copy!
  • Commons
  • Support
    • NewDonateDonate – Help Smarthistory continue to make a difference
    • NewEssayContribute an essay – Help make art history relevant and engaging
Search

Medieval Europe + Byzantium

Browse this content
A beginner's guide
Introduction to the Middle Ages
A new pictorial language: the image in early medieval art
The medieval calendar
Chivalry in the Middle Ages
Medieval goldsmiths – sh
Christianity and art
Browse this content
Christianity, an introduction
Standard scenes from the life of Christ in art
Architecture and liturgy
Judaism and art
Browse this content
Jewish history to the middle ages
Writing a history of Jewish architecture
Medieval synagogues in Toledo, Spain
The Golden Haggadah
Book of Morals of Philosophers
The manuscripts of Luis de Carvajal
Altneushul, Prague
Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue, Jobar (Syria)
Books in Medieval Europe
Browse this content
A beginner's guide
Browse this content
Medieval manuscripts
Manuscripts: major works of art
Making manuscripts
The Bestiary
Making the medieval book
Browse this content
Codex Amiatinus
The Utrecht Psalter
Listening to the medieval book
An introduction to medieval scripts
A medieval textbook
Parchment (the good, the bad, and the ugly)
Skins and scraps
The work of the scribe
Words, words, words: medieval handwriting
Making books for profit in medieval times
Decorating the book
Medieval supermodels
Binding the book
Clasps: hugging a medieval book
Medieval books in leather (and other materials)
Using the medieval book
Browse this content
The medieval desktop
Getting personal in the margins
Smart bookmarks
Finding books
The medieval origins of the modern footnote
Medieval notepads
Early Christian
Browse this content
Early Christianity, an introduction
Early Christian art
Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome
Early Christian art and architecture after Constantine
Santa Maria Antiqua
Santa Maria Antiqua Sarcophagus
Santa Pudenziana
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Basilica of Santa Sabina, Rome
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
The Vienna Genesis
The Story of Jacob from the Vienna Genesis
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well from the Vienna Genesis
Classicism and the Early Middle Ages
The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
Byzantine
Browse this content
A beginner's guide
Byzantine art, an introduction
Iconoclastic controversies
Ancient and Byzantine mosaic materials
Constantinople and the East
Browse this content
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Theotokos mosaic, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Deësis (Christ with the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist), Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Hagia Sophia as a mosque
Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George
A chalice from the Attarouthi Treasure
The Emperor Triumphant (Barberini Ivory)
Ivory Panel with Archangel
The Paris Psalter
Icon with the Triumph of Orthodoxy
Byzantine Griffin Panel
Venice and Ravenna
Browse this content
San Vitale and the Justinian Mosaic
Sant'Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna (Italy)
Saint Mark's Basilica, Venice
Plunder, War, and the Horses of San Marco
Early Medieval
Browse this content
Anglo-Saxon England
Decoding Anglo-Saxon art
Brooch from Chessell Down
Fibulae
Sutton Hoo Ship Burial
Sutton Hoo Ship Burial (video)
The Sutton Hoo purse lid
The Sutton Hoo helmet
The Lindisfarne Gospels
Codex Amiatinus
The Utrecht Psalter
Carolingian
Browse this content
Carolingian art, an introduction
Charlemagne (part 1 of 2): An introduction
Charlemagne (part 2 of 2): The Carolingian revival
Palatine Chapel, Aachen
Matthew in the Coronation Gospels and Ebbo Gospels
Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels
Lindau Gospels cover
Mosaics, Santa Prassede (Praxedes), Rome
Ottonian
Browse this content
Ottonian art, an introduction
Gospel Book of Otto III
Bronze doors, Saint Michael's, Hildesheim (Germany)
Romanesque
Browse this content
A beginner's guide
Browse this content
Romanesque art, an introduction
Romanesque architecture, an introduction
Medieval churches: sources and forms
Pilgrimage routes and the cult of the relic
A look at modern veneration
France
Browse this content
Cluny Abbey
Saint-Pierre, Moissac
Last Judgment, Tympanum, Cathedral of St. Lazare, Autun (France)
Church and Reliquary of Sainte-Foy, France
Pentecost and Mission to the Apostles Tympanum, Basilica Ste-Madeleine, Vézelay (France)
Fontenay Abbey
Saint Trophime, Arles
Virgin and Child in Majesty
Italy
The Basilica of San Clemente, Rome
The Romanesque churches of Tuscany: San Miniato in Florence and Pisa Cathedral
England
Browse this content
The Art of Conquest in England and Normandy
The Bayeux Tapestry
The Bayeux Tapestry
The Bayeux Tapestry, from BBC One's Seven Ages of Britain
The Animated Bayeux Tapestry
Durham Cathedral
The Morgan Leaf from The Winchester Bible
Spain
Browse this content
Historiated capitals, Church of Sant Miquel, Camarasa
"Throne of Wisdom" sculptures
Virgin from Ger
Circle of the Master of Pedret, The Wise and Foolish Virgins
Gothic
Browse this content
A beginner's guide
Gothic architecture, an introduction
France
View all content
Birth of the Gothic: Abbot Suger and the ambulatory at St. Denis
Chartres Cathedral
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris
Reims Cathedral
Amiens Cathedral
Sainte-Chapelle, Paris
Bible moralisée (moralized bibles)
Saint Louis Bible (Moralized Bible or Bible moralisée)
The Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux
England
View all content
Southwell Minster
Salisbury Cathedral
Lincoln Cathedral
Wells Cathedral
Four styles of English medieval architecture at Ely Cathedral
Ely Cathedral's Lady Chapel
Henry VII Chapel
The Wilton Diptych
Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic
View all content
Bonaventura Berlinghieri, Saint Francis Altarpiece
Cimabue, Maestà
Röttgen Pietà
Altneushul, Prague
The Crusades
Browse this content
What were the crusades?
How was crusading justified?
The when, where and who (of crusading)
The impact of the crusades

Making manuscripts

by The J. Paul Getty Museum

Video from the J. Paul Getty Museum

Cite this page as: The J. Paul Getty Museum, "Making manuscripts," in Smarthistory, December 21, 2015, accessed January 17, 2020, https://smarthistory.org/making-manuscripts/.

At Smarthistory we believe art has the power to transform lives and to build understanding across cultures. We believe that the brilliant histories of art belong to everyone, no matter their background. Smarthistory’s free, award-winning digital content unlocks the expertise of hundreds of leading scholars, making the history of art accessible and engaging to more people, in more places, than any other provider.

  • About Smarthistory
  • Smarthistory’s blog
  • Contribute an essay
  • Content editors and contributors
  • Donate
  • Subscribe to our newsletter
  • Contact Us
Facebook Twitter Instagram YouTube Flickr

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

· © 2020 Smarthistory · Designed by Press Customizr · Powered by ·

This #givingtuesday support our FREE BOOKS initiative

Help us offer art history to everyone!

This #givingtuesday we are hoping to fund the production of art history books that will be offered to millions of learners as a free download.

We believe art has the power to transform lives and to build understanding across cultures. The brilliant histories of art belong to everyone, no matter their background. Our free, award-winning digital content unlocks the expertise of hundreds of leading scholars, making the history of art accessible and engaging to more people, in more places, than any other provider.

 

Donate

 

We need fish.  Please, add in a fish:

And this would be the place for the fish