Once thought to have indicated a "decline" in artistic skill, early Christian art is now understood to represent a major shift in the way that artists and patrons visualized their beliefs and their world.
c. 200–500 C.E.
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What is early Christian art?
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Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
Made for a member of the Roman elite, this early tomb features Old and New Testament scenes in a classical style.
Santa Pudenziana
A mosaic proclaims Christ’s rule over the Heavenly Jerusalem. Gesture, toga, and book signal imperial authority.
Basilica of Constantine (Aula Palatina), Trier
Originally built in the 4th century, the Aula Palatina has been remade several times according to the aesthetics of each age that transformed it.
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
The early Christian church of Santa Maria Maggiore has some of the oldest mosaics in Rome.
The Good Shepherd in Early Christianity
Find out why Hermes was recast as the Good Shepherd in early Christianity
Classicism and the Early Middle Ages
What decline? Far from breaking with earlier styles, these objects blend classical idioms with Christian symbols.
The Vienna Genesis
Silver ink on purple parchment—what luxury! This is the oldest surviving illustrated biblical text.
Santa Maria Antiqua
An earthquake buried this early Roman church. Recent excavations exposed layers of wall painting.
Catacomb of Priscilla, Rome
Below Rome’s streets lie shelves of tombs. Buried among the dead are early examples of Christian art.
The Story of Jacob from the Vienna Genesis
A family outing begins with a river crossing and ends with Jacob wrestling an angel. This story twists and turns.
The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia
An unassuming brick exterior belies the luminous mosaics within. In one, a young, beardless Christ tends his flock.
Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, Vienna Genesis
One image, two episodes—and three cultures. This narrative of Rebecca contains multitudes.
