A-level: Antoni Gaudí, Sagrada Família


View of construction in February 2014, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Karl432, CC BY-SA 3.0 )

View of construction in February 2014, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Karl432 , CC BY-SA 3.0 )

120 years and counting

Although Antoni Gaudí was influenced by John Ruskin’s analysis of the Gothic early in his career, he sought an authentic Catalan style at a time, the late 19th century, when this region (currently mostly in northern Spain) was experiencing a resurgence of cultural and political pride. Ruskin, an English critic, rejected ancient classical forms in favor of the Gothic’s expressive, even grotesesque qualities. This interest in the value of medieval architecture resulted in Gaudi being put in charge of the design of Sagrada Família (Sacred Family) shortly after construction had begun.

Gaudí was a deeply religious Catholic whose ecstatic and brilliantly complex fantasies of organic geometry are given concrete form throughout the church. Historians have identified numerous influences especially within the northeast façade, the only part of the church he directly supervised. The remainder of the church, including three of the southwest transept’s four spiers, are based on his design but were completed after Gaudí’s death in 1926. These include African mud architecture, Gothic, Expressionist, of course a variant of Art Nouveau that emphasizes marine forms .

Nave ceiling, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: SBA73, CC BY-SA 2.0)

Nave ceiling, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: SBA73 , CC BY-SA 2.0)

View of the Passion Façade, Josep Maria Subirachs (sculptor), Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Mstyslav Chernov, CC BY-SA 3.0)

View of the Passion Façade, Josep Maria Subirachs (sculptor), Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Mstyslav Chernov , CC BY-SA 3.0)

The iconographic and structural programs of the church are complex but its plan is based on the traditional basilica cruciform found in nearly all medieval cathedrals. However, unlike many of these churches, Sagrada Familia is not built on an east-west axis. Instead, the church follows the diagonal orientation that defines so much of Barcelona, ​​placing the church on a southeast-northwest axis.

The Glory Façade (southeast):

This will eventually be church’s main façade and entrance. As with the transcept entrances, it holds a triple portal dedicated to charity, faith, and hope. The façade itself is dedicated to mankind in relation to the divine order.

The Passion Façade (southwest):

Dedicated to the Passion of Christ, its four existing belltowers are between 98 and 112 meters tall and are dedicated to the apostles James the Lesser, Bartholomew, Thomas and Philip (left to right). Josep Maria Subirachs is responsible for the façade sculpture.

Detail of the Passion Façade, Josep Maria Subirachs (sculptor), Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Mstyslav Chernov CC BY-SA 3.0)

Detail of the Passion Façade, Josep Maria Subirachs (sculptor), Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Mstyslav Chernov , CC BY-SA 3.0)

 

View of the Nativity Façade, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Canaan, CC BY-SA 3.0)

View of the Nativity Façade, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain (photo: Canaan , CC BY-SA 3.0)

The Nativity Façade (northeast):

 

Depicts the birth of Christ and is the only façade to be completed during Gaudi’s lifetime. its four existing belltowers are between 98 and 112 meters tall and are dedicated to the saints Barnabas, Jude, Simon and Matthew (left to right).

Ten additional belltowers (98-112 meters high) are planned though these will be overwhelmed by six towers that will be significantly taller. Four of these towers will be dedicated to the Evangelists, one to the Virgin Mary, and the grandest, rising to 170 meters, to Jesus Christ.

 

Detail of the Nativity Façade, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain

Detail of the Nativity Façade, Antoni Gaudí, Church of the Sagrada Família or Basilica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, 1882- (consecrated 2010, but still under construction), Barcelona, ​​Spain


What Sagrada Familia will look like when construction is complete


Additional resources:

Official site of Sagrada Familia

God’s Architect: Antoni Gaudi’s glorious vision, CBS documentary


Smarthistory images for teaching and learning:

[flickr_tags user_id = “82032880 @ N00” tags = “expiatorychurchoftheholyfamily,”]

More Smarthistory images …

Cite this page as: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, "A-level: Antoni Gaudí, Sagrada Família," in Smarthistory, May 19, 2017, accessed March 19, 2024, https://smarthistory.org/gaudi-sagrada-familia-2/.