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The Americas to 1900

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A beginner's guide
Defining “Pre-Columbian” and “Mesoamerica”
Introduction to the Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas
Latin American art: an introduction
About geography and chronological periods in Native American art
Terms and Issues in Native American Art
North America before c. 1500
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Native American / First Nations
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Clovis culture
Clovis Culture, an introduction
Moundbuilders
Fort Ancient Culture: Great Serpent Mound
Mississippian shell neck ornament (gorget)
Ancestral Puebloan
Mesa Verde
Chaco Canyon
Mesoamerica
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A beginner's guide to Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica, an introduction
Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine
Tlatilco
Tlatilco Figurines
Olmec
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Kunz Axe (Olmec)
Offering #4, La Venta
Olmec Jade
Olmec mask
Olmec mask at The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Olmec figurine
Olmec stone mask
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan
Classic Veracruz culture
The Mesoamerican ballgame and a Classic Veracruz yoke
Maya
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The Maya, an introduction
Mirror-Bearer
Vessel with a mythological scene
Politics and History on a Maya Vase
Maya: The Fenton Vase
Chakalte’, Relief with Enthroned Ruler
Palenque (Classic Period)
Maya: The Yaxchilán Lintels
Yaxchilán—Lintels 24 and 25 from Structure 23 and structures 33 and 40
Classic Maya portrait stelae
Huastec
Huastec: Life-Death Figure
Mixtec
Codex Zouche-Nuttall
Aztec
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Introduction to the Aztecs (Mexica)
More on the Aztecs (Mexica)
Coatlicue
The Templo Mayor and the Coyolxauhqui Stone
Codex Borgia
Tlaloc vessel
Serpent mask of Quetzalcoatl or Tlaloc
The Sun Stone (or The Calendar Stone) (Aztec)
Coyolxauhqui Monolith
Monolith of Tlaltecuhtli (Earth Lord)
Double-headed serpent
Mosaic mask of Tezcatlipoca
Stone kneeling figure of Chalchiuhtlicue
Aztec feathered headdress
Isthmian cultures (Central America)
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Doe Shaman Effigy
Mirror Pendant in the Form of a Bat-Human From Grave 5, Sitio Conte
North America c. 1500 - 1900
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Native North American art
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A beginner's guide
Terms and Issues in Native American Art
About geography and chronological periods in Native American art
East
Global trade and an 18th-century Anishinaabe outfit
Bandolier Bag
West
Juana Basilia Sitmelelene, Presentation Basket (Chumash)
Bear Claw Necklace (Pawnee)
Eastern Shoshone: Hide Painting of the Sun Dance, attributed to Cotsiogo (Cadzi Cody)
Feathered war bonnet
Nellie Two Bear Gates, Suitcase
Henry Oscar One Bull, Custer's War
Southwest
Nampeyo (Hopi-Tewa), polychrome jar
Puebloan: Maria Martinez, Black-on-black ceramic vessel
Puebloan: Julian Martinez, Buffalo Dancers
Northwest coast
Transformation masks
North Wind Mask
Contemporary art
Jaune Quick-to-See Smith, Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People)
Clarissa Rizal, Resilience Robe
Wendy Red Star, 1880 Crow Peace Delegation
Contemporary Native American Architecture
New Spain
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New Spain, an introduction
The Medici collect the Americas
Mission churches as theaters of conversion in New Spain
St. Michael the Archangel in Huejotzingo
Atrial Cross at Acolman
Murals from New Spain, San Agustín de Acolman
Virgin of Guadalupe
Miguel González, The Virgin of Guadalupe
Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza
The Convento of San Nicolás de Tolentino, Actopan, Hidalgo
Bernardino de Sahagún and collaborators, Florentine Codex
Featherworks: The Mass of St. Gregory
The manuscripts of Luis de Carvajal
Andrés de Concha, St. Cecilia
Baltasar de Echave Ibía, The Hermits
Mission Church, San Esteban del Rey, Acoma Pueblo
Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and Hunting Scene (or Brooklyn Biombo)
Biombo with the Conquest of Mexico and View of Mexico City
Jerónimo de Balbás, Altar of the Kings (Altar de los Reyes)
Miguel Cabrera
Virgin of the Apocalypse
Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo, attributed to Juan Rodriguez Juárez
Crowned Nun Portrait of Sor María de Guadalupe
British colonies and the Early Republic
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Colonial period
Inventing “America,” The Engravings of Theodore de Bry
Portraits of John and Elizabeth Freake (and their baby)
Puritan court cupboard
Silver sugar bowl
Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe
John Singleton Copley
A Boy with a Flying Squirrel (Henry Pelham)
Ostentatious plainness: Copley's portrait of the Mifflins
Paul Revere
The Copley Family
Watson and the Shark
Early Republic
John Trumbull, The Declaration of Independence
Jean-Antoine Houdon, George Washington
Gilbert Stuart
The Skater
Lansdowne Portrait
Thomas Jefferson
Monticello
Rotunda, University of Virginia
Charles Willson Peale
Yarrow Mamout
Staircase Group (Portrait of Raphaelle Peale and Titian Ramsay Peale)
The Artist in His Museum
John Vanderlyn, Ariadne Asleep on the Island of Naxos
United States in the 19th century
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Romanticism
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Washington Allston, Elijah in the Desert
Thomas Cole
Expulsion from the Garden of Eden
The Oxbow
Thomas Cole, The Architect's Dream
The Hunter's Return
Hicks’s The Peaceable Kingdom as Pennsylvania parable
George Catlin, The White Cloud, Head Chief of the Iowas
Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware
Frederic Edwin Church, Niagara and Heart of the Andes
Fitz Henry Lane, Owl's Head, Penobscot Bay, Maine
Albert Bierstadt, Hetch Hetchy Valley, California
Realism
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Francis Guy, Winter Scene in Brooklyn
William Sidney Mount, Bargaining for a Horse
Richard Caton Woodville, War News from Mexico
George Caleb Bingham, Country Politician
Blythe, Justice
Thomas Hovenden, The Last Moments of John Brown
Eastman Johnson, A Ride for Liberty — The Fugitive Slaves
Thomas Eakins
The Champion Single Sculls (Max Schmitt in a Single Scull)
The Gross Clinic
Winslow Homer
 The Life Line
The Fog Warning (or Halibut Fishing)
Winslow Homer, Northeaster
Grafton Tyler Brown, View of the Lower Falls, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
Western art
The end of an era: Remington's The Fall of the Cowboy
Aestheticism and the Gilded Age
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James Abbott McNeill Whistler
Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl
Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket
John Singer Sargent
El Jaleo
The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit
Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau)
Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose
Sculpture, architecture and photography
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Hiram Powers, The Greek Slave
Inventing America, Colt's Experimental Pocket Pistol
Seneca Village: the lost history of African Americans in New York
John Quincy Adams Ward, The Freedman
Anna Pottery, Snake jug
Carleton Watkins, Eagle Creek, Columbia River
William Howard (attributed), Writing desk
The light of democracy — examining the Statue of Liberty
Olmsted and Vaux, Central Park
Carrère & Hastings, The New York Public Library
Timothy O'Sullivan, Ancient Ruins in the Cañon de Chelle
Jacob Riis, "Knee-Pants" at Forty-Five Cents a Dozen—A Ludlow Street Sweater’s Shop, from How the Other Half Lives
Herter Brothers, Mark Hopkins House Side Chair
Robert Mills and Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Lincoln Casey, Washington Monument
Shrady and Casey, Ulysses S. Grant Memorial
Mexico in the 19th century
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The Academy of San Carlos
Mexican Independence
José María Velasco, The Valley of Mexico from the Santa Isabel Mountain Range
South America before c. 1500
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Introduction to Andean Cultures
Cupisnique
Feline-Head Bottle
Chavín culture
Chavín de Huántar
Complexity and vision: the Staff God at Chavín de Huántar and beyond
Nasca
Nasca Geoglyphs
The Paracas Textile
Moche culture
Moche culture, an introduction
Pair of Earflares, Winged Messengers
Moche Portrait Head Bottle
Chimú culture
Introduction to the Chimú culture
Sicán culture
Inverse-Face Beaker
Inka
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Introduction to the Inka
Inka stone vessels
City of Cusco
Maize cobs
Machu Picchu
All-T’oqapu Tunic
Keru Vessel
What is an Inka ushnu?
Inka ushnus: landscape, site and symbol in the Andes
Ancient Colombia chiefdoms
Ancient Colombian goldmaking
South America c. 1500 - 1900
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Viceroyalty of Peru
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Guaman Poma and The First New Chronicle and Good Government
The Church of San Pedro Apóstol de Andahuaylillas
Cusco School Artist, Saint Joseph and the Christ Child
Parish of San Sebastián, Procession of Corpus Christi series
Master of Calamarca, Angel with Arquebus
Fourteen portraits of the Inka Kings
Bernardo Bitti, Coronation of the Virgin
Colonial Brazil
Albert Eckhout, Series of eight figures
Church of São Francisco de Assis, Ouro Preto
Mestre Valentim, Passeio Publico, Rio de Janeiro
Sanctuary of Bom Jesus de Matosinhos of Congonhas do Campo, 1757-1872
After independence
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Independence from Spanish rule in South America
Early Scientific Exploration in Latin America
Costumbrismo
Carmelo Fernández, The Strait of Furatena in the Minero River
Amazonian
Mundurukú Headdress: a glimpse of life in the Amazon rainforest
Kayapó Headdress: a glimpse of life in the Amazon rainforest

New Spain, an introduction

by Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank and Dr. Steven Zucker

An introduction to the Viceroyalty of New Spain

Cite this page as: Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank and Dr. Steven Zucker, "New Spain, an introduction," in Smarthistory, February 24, 2017, accessed September 17, 2019, https://smarthistory.org/new-spain/.

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